Collinear laser spectroscopy of atomic cadmium

Nadja Frömmgen; Dimiter L. Balabanski; Mark L. Bissell; Jacek Bieroń; Klaus Blaum; Bradley Cheal; Kieran Flanagan; Stephan Fritzsche; Christopher Geppert; Michael Hammen; Magdalena Kowalska; Kim Kreim; Andreas Krieger; Rainer Neugart; Gerda Neyens; Mustafa M. Rajabali; Wilfried Nörtershäuser; Jasna Papuga; Deyan T. Yordanov

doi:10.1140/epjd/e2015-60219-0

2019 Impact factor 1.366

Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics

Eur. Phys. J. D (2015) 69: 164
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2015-60219-0

Regular Article

Extraction of nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments

Nadja Frömmgen¹, Dimiter L. Balabanski², Mark L. Bissell³, Jacek Bieroń⁴, Klaus Blaum⁵, Bradley Cheal⁶, Kieran Flanagan⁷, Stephan Fritzsche⁸^,9, Christopher Geppert¹^,10, Michael Hammen¹, Magdalena Kowalska¹¹, Kim Kreim⁵, Andreas Krieger¹^,10, Rainer Neugart¹^,5, Gerda Neyens³, Mustafa M. Rajabali³, Wilfried Nörtershäuser¹^,10^a, Jasna Papuga³ and Deyan T. Yordanov⁵^,11^,12

¹ Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
² ELI-NP, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
³ Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
⁴ Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
⁵ Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
⁶ Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
⁷ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
⁸ Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
⁹ Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
¹⁰ Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
¹¹ CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, Physics Department, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
¹² Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Orsay, IN2P3/CNRS, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France

^a e-mail: wnoertershaeuser@ikp.tu-darmstadt.de

Received: 8 April 2015
Received in final form: 16 May 2015
Published online: 25 June 2015

Abstract

Hyperfine structure A and B factors of the atomic 5s5p ³P₂ → 5s6s ³S₁ transition are determined from collinear laser spectroscopy data of ^107−123Cd and ^111m−123mCd. Nuclear magnetic moments and electric quadrupole moments are extracted using reference dipole moments and calculated electric field gradients, respectively. The hyperfine structure anomaly for isotopes with s_1/2 and d_5/2 nuclear ground states and isomeric h_11/2 states is evaluated and a linear relationship is observed for all nuclear states except s_1/2. This corresponds to the Moskowitz-Lombardi rule that was established in the mercury region of the nuclear chart but in the case of cadmium the slope is distinctively smaller than for mercury. In total four atomic and ionic levels were analyzed and all of them exhibit a similar behaviour. The electric field gradient for the atomic 5s5p ³P₂ level is derived from multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations in order to evaluate the spectroscopic nuclear quadrupole moments. The results are consistent with those obtained in an ionic transition and based on a similar calculation.