https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00944-1
Regular Article - Plasma Physics
Spectroscopic diagnostics of eggshells plasma using LIBS with self-absorption correction in conjunction with WDXRF, EDS and FTIR techniques
1
Department of Engineering, Astronomy and Physics, Guilford Technical Community College, 27282, Jamestown, NC, USA
2
Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, 45000, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Edmonton, AB, Canada
4
Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, 25120, Peshawar, Pakistan
5
Department of Physics, Hazara University Mansehra, 21300, Mansehra, Pakistan
Received:
15
July
2024
Accepted:
9
December
2024
Published online:
20
December
2024
Precise determination of heavy metals and trace elements in eggshells from conventional and organic poultry production systems is carried out using a two distinct CF-LIBS techniques, namely one-line calibration-free (OLCF) and self-calibration (SC) LIBS, coupled with XRD, WD-XRF, EDS and FTIR. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse duration of 9 ns and pulse energy of 126 mJ was used to generate plasma. Spectral analysis revealed Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cr, Sr, Al, Cu, Ni, Na, and Li in both organic (OE) and regular (FE) chicken eggshells, whereas a heavy element Ba was only detected in OE emission spectra. A mean value of plasma temperature was calculated as 7500 ± 750 K using a Boltzmann plot in addition to Saha-Boltzmann plot approach with self-absorption corrections and used for calcium quantification, whereas electron number density value was calculated as 5.68 × 1016 cm−3. The concentration of major constituent Ca in OE versus FE determined by CF-LIBS techniques along with XRF and EDS was found as: OLCF-LIBS = 99.23% versus 99.11%, SC-LIBS = 99.78% versus 99.73%, XRF = 99.81% versus 99.76%, and EDS = 99.83% versus 99.89%. The results showed that SC-LIBS method is more accurate for precise compositional analysis and findings were close to that determined by XRF and EDS methods. The results further demonstrated LIBS capability to identify heavy metals and trace elements within eggshell samples accurately and hence, contributing to and advancing our understanding of the utilization of LIBS technique in this field.
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Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
