https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00745-y
Regular Article – Cold Matter and Quantum Gases
Ground state of Tonks–Girardeau gas under density-dependent gauge potential in a one-dimensional harmonic potential
Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Received:
6
June
2023
Accepted:
11
August
2023
Published online:
30
August
2023
In the present paper, we investigate the ground state of Tonks–Girardeau gas under density-dependent gauge potential. With Bose–Fermi mapping method, we obtain the exact ground-state wavefunction for the system confined in a harmonic potential. Based on the ground-state wavefunction, the reduced one-body density matrix (ROBDM), natural orbitals and their occupations, and the momentum distributions are obtained. Compared with the case without gauge potential, the present wavefunction and ROBDM have additional phase factors induced by gauge potential. The momentum distribution is the convolution of that without gauge potential to the Fourier transformation of definite integral of gauge potential. It is shown that because of the density-dependent gauge potential, the peak of momentum distributions deviates from zero momentum and the Bose gas takes finite total momentum. In particular, the momentum distribution is no longer symmetric although the total momentum can become zero by adding a constant to the gauge potential.
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