https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00355-0
Regular Article – Atomic Physics
A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of
,
, and
: paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy
1
Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049, Bamberg, Germany
2
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
3
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
4
CNRS, Institut NEEL, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
5
CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
6
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
7
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., 20771, Greenbelt, MD, USA
8
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., 94550, Livermore, CA, USA
9
Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
10
Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA
11
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
12
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
13
Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
14
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
15
Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
Received:
30
November
2021
Accepted:
23
January
2022
Published online:
1
March
2022
A key requirement for the correct interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra is that transition energies are known with high accuracy and precision. We investigate the K-shell features of ,
, and
gases, by measuring their photo ion-yield spectra at the BESSY II synchrotron facility simultaneously with the 1s–np fluorescence emission of He-like ions produced in the Polar-X EBIT. Accurate ab initio calculations of transitions in these ions provide the basis of the calibration. While the
result agrees well with previous measurements, the
spectrum appears shifted by
0.5 eV, about twice the uncertainty of the earlier results. Our result for
shows a large departure from earlier results, but may suffer from larger systematic effects than our other measurements. The molecular spectra agree well with our results of time-dependent density functional theory. We find that the statistical uncertainty allows calibrations in the desired range of 1–10 meV, however, systematic contributions still limit the uncertainty to
40–100 meV, mainly due to the temporal stability of the monochromator energy scale. Combining our absolute calibration technique with a relative energy calibration technique such as photoelectron energy spectroscopy will be necessary to realize its full potential of achieving uncertainties as low as 1–10 meV.
The original online version of this article was revised due to a mistake in the author name of the author J. R. Crespo López-Urrutia.
A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00379-6.
Copyright comment corrected publication 2022
© The Author(s) 2022. corrected publication 2022
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