Eur. Phys. J. D (2021) 75: 227
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00228-y

Topical Review - Plasma Physics

Latest experimental and theoretical advances in the production of negative ions in caesium-free plasmas

¹ Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, CNR, via Amendola 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy
² INFN-BA, via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy
³ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38026, Grenoble, France
⁴ ThrustMe, 4bis Rue des Petits Ruisseaux, 91370, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
⁵ Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN, Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete Spa), Padua, Italy
⁶ Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
⁷ High Voltage Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Patras, 26 504, Rion-Patras, Greece
⁸ EUROfusion consortium, JET, CCFE, Culham, Science Centre, Ox14 3DB, Abingdon, UK
⁹ CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, Centre Scientifique de Saint Jéome, Case 241, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille Cedex 20, France
¹⁰ UPMC, LPP, UMR CNRS 7648, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
¹¹ Abdelhamid Univ. IBN Badis Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
¹² INFN-LNL, v.le dell’Università n 2, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
¹³ Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh) Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
¹⁴ LAPLACE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
¹⁵ Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, 94035, Moett Field, CA, USA
¹⁶ Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), CNRS - Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
¹⁷ Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, 602-8580, Kyoto, Japan
¹⁸ Physics and Astronomy Department “G. Galilei” & CNISM, INFN, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
¹⁹ Iter Organization (IO), St Paul Lez Durance, France

^a francesco.taccogna@cnr.it

Received: 23 March 2021
Accepted: 8 July 2021
Published online: 20 August 2021

Abstract

This topical review gathers the last updates concerning caesium-free negative ion sources presented during the Course of the International school of Quantum Electronics of the Ettore Majorana Foundation and European collaborative works related to these lectures. Hence, beyond the frame of this course this topical review addresses both theoretical and experimental work performed during these last few years and complexities represented by the conception of a negative ion source ranging from the creation of negative ions to their neutralization.