https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2011-20339-1
Regular Article
Condensation state of ultra-cold Bose atomic gases with pure gradient interactions with negative coefficient
School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, Wuhan
430074, P.R.
China
a e-mail: zcheng@mail.hust.edu.cn
Received:
9
June
2011
Received in final form:
9
September
2011
Published online:
7
December
2011
Within the framework of quantum field theory, we find that uniform Bose atomic gases with pure gradient interactions with negative coefficient can undergo a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) condensation below a critical temperature. In the BCS condensation state, bare atoms with opposite wave vectors are bound into pairs, and unpaired bare atoms are transformed into a new kind of quasi-particle, i.e. the dressed atom. The atom-pair system is a condensate or a superfluid and the dressed-atom system is a normal fluid. At absolute zero temperature the condensate possesses a lowest negative energy. When the total interaction strength of atoms is large enough, the energy of the condensate is a monotonically increasing function of temperature and interaction strength. The critical temperature and the effective mass of dressed atoms are derived analytically. The transition from the BCS condensation state to the normal state is a first-order phase transition.
© EDP Sciences, Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag 2011