https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01121-2
Research - Plasmas
Heavy-nucleus-acoustic solitary modes in a thermally degenerate quantum plasma
1
Physics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
2
Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
3
Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
a
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b
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Received:
18
September
2025
Accepted:
16
January
2026
Published online:
4
February
2026
Abstract
A rigorous theoretical study on the formation and propagation properties of nucleus-acoustic solitary waves has been carried out via the fluid dynamical approach. A three-component thermally degenerate relativistic quantum plasma (TDRQP) system is considered, composed of thermally degenerate relativistic non-inertial electrons and non-inertial non-relativistic degenerate light nuclei (the combined degenerate and thermal pressure of electrons and light nuclei provide the restoring force) and inertial non-degenerate heavy nucleus species (whose mass density provides the inertia). The nonlinear properties of heavy-nucleus-acoustic solitary waves (HNASWs) in such a thermally degenerate quantum plasma are analyzed in detail, via the solitary wave solution of KdV equation. The fundamental characteristics of small-amplitude thermal and degenerate pressure-driven HNASWs in different thermally degenerate plasma medium are analyzed, and the effect of non-relativistically light nucleus and non/ultra-relativistically electron degeneracies, the heavy nucleus temperature effect, the influence of light and heavy nuclei number densities and masses on the propagation dynamics of HNASWs are also examined. It is investigated that the presence of mobile heavy nuclei forms a new waves “heavy-nucleus-acoustic waves (HNAWs)” in TDRQP. It is found that the phase velocity increases with the density of heavy nuclei species, while the increase in mass of heavy nuclei species may lead to the propagation of taller and steeper solitons in TDRQP. It is predicted that the amplitude and the width of the solitary waves increases for ultra-relativistic case. It is also examined that the amplitude and width of HNASWs increases with the decrease in heavy nuclei temperature, while the amplitude (width) increases (decreases) with the increase (decrease) in heavy (light) nuclei number density. The implications of our results for nonlinear structures in astrophysical, space, and laboratory plasma environments are briefly discussed.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, SIF and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
